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So, the main purpose of Aeronomy is to thoroughly and accurately describe occurring in the upper atmosphere processes, to determine the effect of each on change of various atmospheric parameters and, in the end, so to build complete and detailed models of the upper atmosphere, that it will be sufficient to practical purposes, to predict accurately the behavior of the upper atmosphere as a whole or specific performance in any given conditions. In different areas, we Aeronomy in varying degrees closer to that goal. Say the ionic composition of the atmosphere above 100 km we know very well and are able to simulate it with reasonable accuracy. But the ionic composition of less than 100 km are known bad and theoretical modeling is just beginning. During the construction of theoretical models of the upper atmosphere detected new processes and phenomena in the atmosphere, which previously did not know at all, or did not think to terms of their role in aeronomy. So ten years ago, no one has linked the behavior of the lower ionosphere with the change of meteorological conditions in the stratosphere and mesosphere, and now problem of the influence of weather on the ionosphere and above all in the area D - the most interesting problem of the whole physics of the ionosphere. In the search for the mechanisms of this effect drew attention to the possibility of a so-called internal atmospheric waves, and today experimenters already clearly see the manifestation of such waves with optical, radar, mass spectrometric observations of the atmosphere. We will cover this in more detail in the chapter "The ionosphere and meteorology." The reader will find many examples of this kind in the pages of this book. Actually, all of it is devoted to the story that we already know Aeronomy, what new ideas have emerged in recent years and what are the most pressing unsolved problems. To help readers to understand those chapters that focus on the problems and puzzles Aeronomy in the first two chapters provide a very brief and schematic description - inevitably dry, as any systematization - buildings the atmosphere in general, and the ionosphere as a substantial part of it in particular.